Lesson Plan The Civil War & Citizenship for Asian Immigrants, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, & Pacific Islanders: Who can belong in the United States?

These two lesson plans briefly touch on AANHPIs in the Civil War, including AANHPI veterans who came through Virginia. It also touches on the idea of citizenship and exclusion, citing the example of the Supreme Court case of Wong Kim Ark and how it played out in practice in Virginia; the case of Takao Ozawa and how a Black Virginia newspaper responded; and the case of Bhagat Singh Thind, to spark conversation on who belongs and how social constructs of race and whiteness were manipulated to deny naturalization rights to AANHPIs.